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Abstract

All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink

1. Introduction

Products on the types of beverage, coffee, milk, juice, soft drinks, diet plan drinks, energy drinks and liquor are available in a giant and increasing amount of choices. Diversity meets taste choices, nutritional criteria, and you will lives means, and if a variety of beverages arrive, it is prone to reach euhydration .

Products lead approximately twenty-five%–50% away from drinking habits [2,step three,4], therefore he could be necessary for meeting each and every day h2o demands and achieving euhydration. Hydration could have been with the repairs regarding typical bodily and you will intellectual functions .

Yet not, it’s been contended one products lead somewhat towards expanding obesity rates international [six,7], simply because of their energy stuff [8,nine,10]. In certain education, Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSB) consumption might have been associated https://kissbrides.com/chinese-women/taishan/ with the weight gain in kids and you may grownups , when you are research you to definitely decreasing SSBs often reduce the threat of being obese and you may relevant sickness eg type 2 diabetes could have been seen given that persuasive . Opportunity consumption away from drinks has grown substantially over the past forty years by the approximately 222 unhealthy calories for each and every people every day .

Nonetheless, products about individuals groups don’t contribute just as so you can energy intake . The energy posts of one’s take in as well as application habits may indicate if you don’t, i.e., particular caloric drinks tends to be consumed hardly hence contributing little or no so you can daily time intake. It’s been contended you to definitely replacement sweetened caloric beverages with liquid can help lose full energy consumption into the over weight people . Still, usage of sweetened caloric drinks is a complex thing that will be regarded not in the caloric share and also in the newest framework away from weight reduction models .

More over, likewise so you’re able to restaurants usage, certain situations for example seasonality, physical activity account and you will sex may affect this new range when you look at the take in solutions and you will contribution so you’re able to complete time intake. This type of affairs haven’t been completely investigated; after that knowledge in this area usually elucidate the modern question of time consumption of weight-loss source and you can out-of beverages specifically.

When you look at the a past research held from inside the Greece, utilising the Drinking water Harmony Questionnaire (WBQ) device, we unearthed that into the 984 adults, 24% from intake of water comes from beverages . There can be a keen unequivocal have to further specialized within these conclusions, elucidating the contribution out of products so you’re able to complete times consumption and you will balance.